Dunayevskaya (1910-1987)

Raya Dunayevskaya

Née Rae Spiegel. Pseudonyme: Freddie Forest.

Née en Ukraine et venue enfant aux États-Unis, elle est secrétaire de L. Trotsky en 1937, s’en sépare à l’occasion du pacte germano-soviétique, et participe à la scission du trotskysme américain derrière Shachtman, et développe en 1941-1942 l’analyse de l’économie de l’URSS comme un capitalisme d’État. Au sein du WP de Shachtman, elle constitue la tendance Johnson-Forest avec CLR James et Grace Lee, qui retourne au SWP de 1947 à 1950 et influencera les positions de Socialisme ou Barbarie en France. Le groupe publie ensuite la revue Correspondence.

En 1955 elle se sépare de James et Lee qui nient désormais la nécessité d’une organisation révolutionnaire et fonde le journal News and letters et développe ce qu’elle appelle l’”humanisme-marxiste”. Elle publie en 1958 Marxism and Freedom, traduit en français en 1971.

Voir aussi:

• The Johnson-Forest tendency in the US, Andrew Anderson (1998)
• Dunayevskaya’s Concept of “Marx’s Marxism” and the Value Theory Debate, Andrew Kliman & Anne Jaclard (2000)
• Raya Dunayevskaya, Andrew Kliman & Anne Jaclard (2001)
• Introduction to the Johnson-Forest Tendency, Loren Goldner (2002)
• Raja Dunajevskaja og marxismen-humanismen, Bjarke Friborg (2003)
• Selected Writings on The Middle East by Raya Dunayevskaya — a Bibliography (2003)
• ¿Quién fue Raya Dunayevskaya?, Eugene Gogol (2006) (E. Gogol est le neveu et l’ancien secrétaire de Dunayevskaya)
• Le Workers Party et la tendance Johnson-Forest (USA, 1940-1947)

TEXTES:

• The USSR is a Capitalist Society (1941)
• An Analysis of Russian Economy (1942)
• Marxism against pseudo-Marxism (1943)
• A Letter on Rosa Luxemburg and Capital Accumulation (1943)
• A New Revision of Marxian Economics (1944)
• Negro Intellectuals in Dilemna (1944)
• Marxism and Political Economy (1945)
• Negroes in the Revolution (1945)
• The Nature of the Russian Economy (1946)
• Luxemburg’s Theory of Accumulation (1946)
• The Decline in the Rate of Profit and The Theory of Crises (1947)
• The Russian Question: A debate between Raya Dunayevskaya and Max Shachtman (1947)
• The Invading Socialist Society (1947) [avec James]
• Stalinists Falsify Marxism Anew (1948)
• Industrialization of the Negro (1948)
• A Bureaucrat’s Fate (1949)
• The despotic plan of capital vs. freely associated labor (1950)
• State Capitalism & Word Revolution [avec James & Lee] (1950)
• The Revolt of the Workers and the Plan of the Intellectuals (1951)
• On the Woman Question: An Orientation (1951)
• Rudolf Hilferding and the ’stability of capitalism’ (1951)
• Socialism or Barbarism (1954)
• A response to Castoriadis’s ‘Socialism or Barbarism’ (1955)
• Theoretical and Practical Perspectives: Where to Begin (1956)
• Mao Perverts Lenin (1957)
• 50 years after the revolution – Mao, Hegel, and dialectics in China (1957)
• Marxism and Freedom (1958) + trad. française: Marxisme et liberté (Champ libre, 1971) Préface à la 1° édition (1957) + L’automation en Amérique (extrait de la 2° partie)
• Bureaucratie et capitalisme d’État (1960)
• La crise mondiale et le vide théorique (1960)
• The Roots of Anti-Semitism (1960)
• Situation des libertés civiles: Etats-Unis en 1961 (Socialisme ou Barbarie N°33, 1961)
• African revolutions revisited (1961)
• In memoriam: Natalia Trotsky (1962)
• Historic rots of conflict in South Asia (12-1962)
• The Need to Transform Reality (1963)
• To Fromm on the Dialectic (1963)
• The uniqueness of Marxist-Humanism (1963)
• The Humanism of Marx Is the Basic Foundation for Anti-Stalinism Today (1965)
• Marx’s humanism today (1965) [+ it. ]
• The Free Speech Movement and the Negro Revolution (1965)
• Tragedy of China’s Cultural Revolution (1966)
• The double tragedy of Che Guevara (1967) [+ esp. ]
• Revisiting ‘Black Power,’ Race and Class (1967)
• Economic reality and dialectics of liberation [letter to A. Wallach] (1968)
• Who Arrested the French Revolution? (06-1968)
• Préface à l’édition française de Marxisme et liberté (1970)
• A footnote on the detractors of Lenin (1970)
• Marxist-Humanism’s concept of ‘Subject’ (1971)
• Women’s liberation, then and now (1971)
• War and Revolution (Draft Perspectives Thesis for N&L Committees, 1971) Extrait
• Om Lukács’ marxism (1972)
• On C.L.R. James’ Notes on Dialectics (1972)
• Philosophy and Revolution: from Hegel to Sartre and from Marx to Mao (1973) Ext.: Marx’s concept of praxis today – Leon Trotsky as Theoretician
• Under the whip of the counter-revolution: Will the revolution in Portugal advance? (01-1976)
• Global capital’s structural crisis and the need to return to Marx’s Capital (1978)
• Rosa Luxemburg: revolutionary, feminist (1978)
• Iran: Unfoldment of and Contradictions in Revolution (1979). Extraits:
  • Women and revolution in Iran
  • Lessons of the Iranian revolution
• Outline of Marx’s Capital Volume I (1979) [pdf ]
• Luxemburg as revolutionary (lettre, 1979)
• Marxism and the ‘Party’ (critique of John Molyneux) (1980)
• Rosa Luxemburg, Women’s Liberation, and Marx’s Philosophy of Revolution (1982-1991)

  Extrait: The Two Russians Revolutions (1979)

• On the Anniversary of the Birth of Erich Fromm (03-1980) pdf ext. [+ de pdf ext.]
• What has happened to the Iranian revolution? (lettre, 06-1981)
• Marx and the Black World (1983)
• Marx’s “New Humanism” and the Dialectics of Womens Liberation in Primitive and Modern Societies (01-1984) pdf
• The Marxist-Humanist Theory of State-Capitalism (1992)
• The Power of Negativity: Selected Writings on the Dialectic in Hegel and Marx (2001) en aperçu limité sur Google books. + Extrait.

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Raya Dunayevskaya is Dead

New York Times, June 13, 1987

LEAD: Raya Dunayevskaya, an author who was secretary to Leon Trotsky, died Tuesday in Sheridan Road Hospital, Chicago. A resident of Evanston, Ill., she was 77 years old.

Raya Dunayevskaya, an author who was secretary to Leon Trotsky, died Tuesday in Sheridan Road Hospital, Chicago. A resident of Evanston, Ill., she was 77 years old.

Miss Dunayevskaya was the author of four books, including ”Marxism and Freedom, From 1776 Until Today,” published in 1958, an anti-Communist study of the American roots of Marxism.

Born in Russia, she was brought to America at the age of 12. She became a secretary to Trotsky, the exiled Russian war minister, from 1937 to 1939. Trotsky was assassinated near Mexico City in 1940.

She was a translator into English of works by Marx and Lenin. She lived in Detroit from 1953 to 1984. A collection of her papers is housed in the Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs of the Walter P. Reuther Library of Wayne State University in Detroit.

Although married, she did not use the name of her husband, John Dwyer of Evanston, who survives. Also surving are two sisters, Bessie Gogol and Sonia Spiegel, both of Los Angeles.

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